Way to Chartered Engineer--Process

Information from http://www.pd-how2.org/

Over the development of professional career, these steps are required:

1. Plan
2. Do
3. Record
4. Review

Recording is very important to demonstrate your ability, and help you review what you have done.
Here is hint on what to log:

Learning logs

Learning logs enhance reflective learning by allowing the primary user (the author) to keep a log of activities and record:

• What they have done;
• When they did it;
• What they learned;
• How this knowledge can be applied;
• What other development activities may be useful.

Logs can capture all learning, not just formal events, and can link this to areas of development identified in planning (although it is important to record learning that does not directly relate to planning too).  This will allow reflection on the learning at the review stage.

Another Hint to benchmark your development, it is used in the review stage:

Measuring progress can be difficult, especially when your job roles are different to colleagues or there are no obvious benchmarks, however there are a number of ways to measure progress including:

• Measuring the number of goals achieved in a set period;
• Measuring against external standards;
• Formal assessment e.g. examination or peer review;
• Fair and objective self assessment verified by a colleague, mentor or line manager.

First step to Chartered Engineer (Mentor Needed)

I am on my way to register as a chartered engineer.

I wan to be an international talent. There a lot to do: Not graduated from a accredited university, no mentor, no scheme in my company...)

Let's put my foot to the first step.

1. Master Degree in UMAC

2. Find a Mentor (Please kindly contact me if you are willy to offer advice. :) )

3. Keep log book using Career Manager

4. Join more course and work.

Information from: http://www.theiet.org/membership/career/cpd/getting-started/prof-reg.cfm

Getting started for professional registration

Getting started for professional registration.

See also

• IPD checklists
• Intent to Register (69 k)
• IPD FAQs (44 k)

If you are starting out in your career or have recently moved into a responsible role, below is a summary of the initial professional development process.

Just started

Candidates should register their intention to work towards professional registration by submitting an Intent to Register form. Submitting this form is free to members and can be done using our online professional development system Career Manager. If you are unable to submit this via Career Manager, you can download a copy of the form for submission. 

Once we have received your form we will send you information on how to progress with your initial professional development and you will receive regular email bulletins  which detail what you can do at each stage and how we can support you toward professional registration.

In order to help you stay on track the IET have produced some guidance and checklists for those working toward professional registration as well as providing some frequently asked questions (faqs) on initial professional development.

Check your education

Demonstration of competence is the key to professional registration (CEng, IEng, EngTech or ICTTech); that competence has to be underpinned by the appropriate technical knowledge and understanding.

There are exemplifying qualifications that meet the underpinning knowledge and understanding component. Candidates who do not have exemplifying qualifications can demonstrate their knowledge and understanding in alternative ways.  The easiest way to show this is through formal qualifications but this can also be done through work-based learning or a mix of formal and work-based opportunities.

Starting your development 

Starting your development is often an automatic process because there is a steep learning curve when you begin a new role and you will quickly develop a number of skills and gain new insights and build on your existing knowledge.  The more difficult part of starting out is identifying when learning has taken place and considering how this has affected your practice.  One development activity undertaken by two engineers may result in different learning experiences for each of them depending on their individual career goals and the conclusions they draw from the activity.

The important thing when you start your development is identifying your goal and keeping a record of conclusions as this will help you to develop a record of your learning and consider the next steps in your development.  For professional registration this will contribute towards your portfolio of evidence – a record of the competence gained as you work toward professional registration.  

Mapping Learning to Competence

As you undertake tasks or development activities it is advisable to keep the professional registration competence and commitment statements in mind.  Consider how the task might meet a competence and to what degree it meets the requirements and discuss with your mentor or line manager how you might make the most of each opportunity.  You will likely go through this process a number of times before becoming an autonomous engineer.  Using Career Manager you can undertake a competence assessment and record your experiences against the relevant competence.  You can also set objectives for areas you wish to develop and record these for future development.

Reviewing Progress

As you gain experience, you will need to review your progress to consider how you have improved.  It is advisable to undertake this review with a line manager or mentor in order to benchmark your achievements and get advice on how these support your development toward professional registration.  As you build up a breadth of experience and gain further evidence for your portfolio of evidence you will find that some previous examples are superseded by more recent experience and records of older evidence can be archived to make space for your current levels of progress and future plans.

Evidence of development and work activities that may be suitable to meet the competence and commitment requirements can be stored and indexed in a portfolio of evidence or referenced in your Career Manager record.  

Almost ready to apply

Eventually you will be working, unsupervised, at the appropriate level and will have gathered enough evidence to cover all of the competence and commitment statements. Discussions with a line manager or mentor are likely to confirm that you are ready to submit an application.  You should start to prepare your best examples of competence evidence, do a final skills gap analysis to cover any outstanding areas or what your next steps might be and prepare to make an application.

Once you are ready to apply

Once it is clear that a sufficient case can be made for professional registration, you should prepare your application and your supporters should sign it.   

It is recommended that you discuss your application with a professional registration advisor (PRA) before submission to the IET.  

If you feel able to demonstrate the appropriate level of competence, download a professional registration application pack.

Mifare History

Some Example of Using Mifare:

Information from: http://www.mifare.net/en/aboutmifare/history/

Cities using Mifare Desfire: London, Kuala Lumpier, Bangalore, Monterrey, Seattle , Oslo, Nanjing, Czech Highway, Ackland.

MIFARE^® Milestones

1994

• Introduction of MIFARE^® Classic 1k contactless technology

 1996

• Roll-out of the first major transport project with MIFARE^® Classic 1k

 1997

• Introduction of MIFARE^® Pro
  • the first world-wide secured DIF µC with a 3DES coprocessor

 1999

• Introduction of MIFARE^® ProX
  • the first worldwide secured DIF µC with a PKI coprocessor
  • first deployment of Dual Interface applications
  • 50 million contactless MIFARE ICs shipped

 2000

• Introduction of first fully integrated ISO 14443 reader IC family (RC500)
• 100 million contactless and Dual Interface MIFARE ICs shipped
• 800,000 reader core components shipped

 2001

• Introduction of MIFARE^® Ultralight^® ICs at CARTES 2001
• Announcement of new SmartMX^® Triple-Interface Family
  • interoperable with ISO 14443 A, ISO 7816, USB
  • 10 million ISO 14443 A Dual Interface MIFARE ICs shipped
  • 250 million contactless and dual interface MIFARE ICs shipped
  • 1.5 million MIFARE reader core components shipped

 2002

• Introduction of MIFARE^®Classic 4k ICs in January
• Introduction of MIFARE^® DESFire^® ICs at CarteS 2002

 2003

• MIFARE leads the market with a market share of 82%
  • 400 million contactless & DIF MIFARE ICs shipped
  • 2.5 million MIFARE reader core components shipped

 2004

• Introduction of the customer programable secure smart card controller platform, SmartMX with MIFARE Classic implementation
• Several roll-outs with MIFARE DESFire
  • major transport projects (p.e.: Sydney, Australia)
  • major projects in access control (p.e.: Real Madrid, Spain)
  • major projects in governmental access control (p.e.:DOD, NASA)
  • 500 million contactless & DIF MIFARE ICs shipped
  • 5.0 million MIFARE reader core components shipped

 2005

• Introduction of MIFARE DESFire SAM
  • secure infrastructure counterpart for MIFARE DESFire
• More roll-outs with MIFARE DESFire 
  • transport projects such as
    • Seattle (USA)
    • Wellington & Auckland (NZ)
    • Dublin (Ireland)
    • Oslo (Norway)
    • Czech Railway (CZ)
    • Nanjing (China)

 2008

• Introduction of MIFARE^® DESFire^®EV1
  • more choices of memory sizes and features
  • first AFC dedicated product with CC EAL 4+
• MIFARE4Mobile^® V1.01 specification released 
• supporting over the air provisioning, wallet management on UICC SIMs and embedded secure elements 

2009

• Introduction of MIFARE^® Ultralight^®C
• Introduction of MIFARE^® Plus^®
• Migration of existing projects to higher security
  • Los Angeles migrates to MIFARE Plus
  • London migrates to MIFARE DESFire EV1

 2010

• Introduction of MIFARE^® SAM AV2
• MIFARE4Mobile^® Industry Group founded
•  Seven leading companies (G&D, Gemalto, Oberthur, Ericsson, NXP, STMicroelectronics and Vivotech) support virtual cards based on MIFARE Classic and MIFARE DESFire EV1 technology

2011

• Introduction of MIFARE^® DESFire^® EV1 70pF for improved read range with small form factors
• More roll-outs with transport projects such as      
       o St. Petersburg and Sochi migrate to MIFARE Plus
       o Monterrey selecting MIFAER DESFire EV1

2012

• Introduction of MIFARE^® DESFire^® implementation on SmartMX^®
• Excisting projects changed to a higher security
       o Kuala Lumpur Touch’n’Go migrates to MIFARE Plus
       o Bangkok migrates to MIFARE DESFireEV1
       o Bangaluru Metro selecting MIFARE DESFire EV1
• Introduction of MIFARE^® Ultralight^® EV1      o Smart paper ticketing solutions for Smart Cities

2013

• Introduction of MIFARE^® DESFire^® EV2- New multi-application experience through MIsmartApp feature

Card type used in each city transportation

Don't know true or not. For reference.

作者：一卡通专家　来源：食堂考勤一卡通网　时间：2011-08-09 11:56:04　[返回] 关于全国各城市一卡通的芯片型号 上海一卡通      复旦FM11RF08SH  华虹也有该芯片 无锡，阜阳等城市也采用 上海地铁卡      复旦FM11RF005SH    不是华虹SHC1102 北京一卡通      MF1 PHILIPS S70 城市公园门票（属于一卡通公司管理）复旦FM11RF08 香港八达通      索尼Felica  深圳一卡通      索尼Felica    以前是Felica，但现在已经开始发行新型Type A CPU予以取代 广州一卡通      MF1 PHILIPS S50/S70  广州地铁卡      AT88RF020  新的采购合同已经开始使用Mifare Ultralight 产品予以取代，地铁的储值票使用复旦FM11RF32 深广高速（是否指广深铁路？）        MIFARE Ultralight 南京一卡通      MIFARE DESFire  （以前是Motorola TypeB,现在是Mifare Desfire，但斗胆预测在不久将来改为TypeA 的CPU卡） 苏州一卡通      MIFARE proX 大连一卡通      MIFARE proX 沈阳一卡通      三星CPU

AFC system- Fare Policy

1.1 Fare Scheme and 1.2 Concession Policy

Basically this is a topic most related to resident yet a quite complicated one. Most importantly it is out side of my profession, I realized. However, I force myself to write something.

Both Fare Scheme and Concession Policy can be considered as a upper topic, Fare Policy. A fare policy is made up of basic fare strategy, payment method(product) and pricing level. Basically the combination of this three forms the fare of the trip. Usually, based on the O/D, a pricing level (from a fare table) multiply a product fare factor(for example a pass is 70% of a SJT for the same OD), multiply a pricing level for this card profile--which should be the patron profile---then the fare come up last is the fare you pay for this trip.

That discount of fare according to different patron profile is pricing level.The Pricing level is a part mostly related to equity, this make sure different segment of passenger(elder, children, short-trip patron, long-trip patron)is charged differently. Based on the general pricing strategy, the price is multiplied(processed) with a percentage to customize the fare according to different patron characteristics. 

The payment method influences the finance stability of an agency, and fare collection cost and thus administration effort of the agency. Payment method here means how passenger pay for the ride: store-value, post payment, cash, multi-ride, pass. To achieve the highest finance stability and lower fare collection effort, agency mostly offer discount for mluti-ride and store-value card(one kind of prepayment) as an incentive.

Basic Fare Strategy is a "big" word. It cover topics including basic pricing model, inter-agency pricing, etc.

Here is just a tip of an iceberg. A pricing model can be flat fare(most simple and popular), distance-based, O/D-based, time-based, zone-based. To pursue equity and the best balance between ridership and revenue, the agency should opt to choose a comprehensive pricing model. To achieve higher infrastructure utilization rate, the agent can adapt highest fare on single journey ticket(most used by traveler) in the peak-of-peak hour. 

A fare policy is one of the most important part of a pubic transit program since it is linked with the massive patrons. It is easily subject to criticism even for a moderate adjustment of fare, yet transit fare is the critical revenue stream  of an operation company. Therefore, it is important for the operation company to plan and implement an all-rounded fare policy. Usually, agencies setup principle of their fare policy as a guide to a further study. The Principle usually goes like:

1. Develop fare more understandable to patron

2. Charge fares associate with level of service

3. Achieve high revenue while maximize ridership

4. encourage cost-effective fare media

Modern e-payment technology like smart card, open-payment system facilitates the introduction of a more elastic pricing program. Now when agency design the fare policy, they can introduce partnership programs to university, private sector to maximize their revenue. Another issue agency needs to consider is the fare policy in different mode of transportation, and between different agencies. This will be further discussed in the topic-inter-operation of different mode of transportation.

  

Content not well constructed.

To be continue.

Automatic Fare Collection-Knowledge Tree

As a junior AFC engineer, I am designing an AFC learning program for myself.

To learning anything, you need to start with a structure--a knowledge tree--to help you have a big picture of the "thing"--technic, system, language, etc. So that you will not get lost in merely one part of the picture---at the end you are competent of the original thing you want to learn.

I Structure of AFC:
1. System Design of AFC
      1.1 Business Model--product and fare structure
          1.1 Fare scheme
          1.2 Payment method
          1.3 Validation Policy
          1.5 Patron management
                1.5.1 Patron profile
                1.5.2 Concession policy & blacklist
      1.2 Media and Cash management
      1.3 AFC Architecture
      1.4 AFC interface
2. Media and Reader Design
      2.1 Smart card Fundamental
      2.2 Payment system design
      2.2 NFC as Media
3. Data management
      3.1 Data structure design
      3.2 Database management-data protection, backup, data storage policy
      3.3 API Design
4. System Management
      4.1 Account management
      4.2 Mode and alarm
      4.3 Parameter management
5. Inter-operability
      5.1 Inter-operation model design
      5.2 Inter-operation data exchange
      5.3 Inter-operation application management
      5.4 Inter-operation protocol
6. Case Study

From now on, I will blog according to the program above, avoid to post specific technic and try to learn AFC as a system.

Business Rule--story about a house keeper and a cook

When you talk about business rule to an AFC system, you actually the high level system requirement.

Business rule of AFC system is about how to manage media, AFC equipment, fare calculation and fare scheme implementation. It is a very important part of the business model of an operation company because the design of AFC affect how to charge your client and sale your product--transportation service.

But do remember that it is tightly linked with the business model of the operation company. That's what a project consultant cannot offer---the project consultant do not have statistic to decide why the system actually work to make the most of the profit; they also do not have experience to foreseen all the problem encountered in the daily operation. Therefore a consultant for a project cannot make all the decision for the operation company.

I would like to explain it through a metaphor of the house keeper and a cook.

Imagine a house owner want to hold a grant party, to invite a thousand of people come to join. But the house owner actually do not know how to arrange a good party, therefore they hire a house keeper. The house keeper is very good at arranging event--buy equipment, buy materials, arrange entertainment etc. A excellent dinner is a must for a dinner, so the house owner asked the house keeper to arrange the dinner. The house keeper joined a lot of dinners, he knows what material the guest what to eat but he has never cooked by himself. Since there is limit time to the party, while the house owner is finding a competent chef for the dinner, the house keeper need to buy the food for the chef to cook even though he actually does not know what the chef-to-be good at cooking. The house keeper need to be very careful because every food he order would need to serve a thousand people so every order cost a fortune. If the cook does not need the food, that would be a lot of waste. The house owner will blame him for wasting his money. Besides, if the chef-to-be actually need another food, there may not be enough time to order. The house keeper then buy the food in the sense of a good house keeper, he believe what he buy is what an excellent dinner need.
Time pass, the house owner still has not hired the chef, instead he found a teacher from a cook school to help prepare the food. The teacher come and say, "well the food you bought is too 'complicated'. It is not what we usually cook in a dinner." The house keeper, to protect himself from the blame of the house owner, protest "This is the food to prepare a first grade dinner. What kind of dinner you want to offer? I am going to arrange the best party in the world!" "Wow, this is beyond me. I need more time to figure how to cook this food well."

Story to be continued.
What I can expect is that the chef will not use all the food the house keeper has ordered. But the house keeper will keep challenging the chef what kind of dinner he want to offer.

The biggest different between the house keeper and the teacher from cook school are:
1. The teacher would favor the easier system and Technic because he does not want to bear risk
2. The teacher concern how to avoid patron's fare evasion or other behavior making benefit from the O&M company/station.
3. The teacher consider how to lessen work of the sales agent
4. The teach consider a special mode to handle accidents